It only takes a minute to sign up. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I'm trying to understand the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. I have looked up both binaries and libraries, and as I currently understand it:. Is this understanding correct? If it is, why do we still separate libraries and binaries? Some libraries are binaries, right?
And some binaries cat, less, date, rm, cp, etc are used and reused as though they were libraries Can someone help explain the difference and help me find better definitions for these two words? Thank you. As a result of these points, the more common terminology among people who aren't writing standards documents is:. Object files: These are natively compiled machine code, but may not even run or be callable. They typically have a. I've listed them here because they're important to understanding a few things below.
Executable files: These are files consisting of mostly self contained code that can be run directly. They may be either specially formatted object files which can be loaded directly by the kernel things like cat , bash , and python are all this type of executable , or are interpreted by some intermediary program that is itself an executable Minecraft, pydoc , and cowsay are all examples of this type of executable.
Executables of the first type almost never have a file extension on UNIX systems, while executables of the second type may or may not. This is what the FHS refers to as 'binaries'. Libraries: These are files that contain reusable code that can be invoked by another library or an executable. Code in libraries is invoked mostly directly by other code once the library is loaded referred to as 'linking' when talking about compiled code , and runs in the same process as the code calling it.
There are three generic types of libraries:. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Line is 9. The script is ok. Please post your debug output to pastebin. You can see here what I mean: pastebin. Currently creating paste on pastebin. Show 3 more comments. DKroot DKroot 1, 13 13 silver badges 22 22 bronze badges. Try diff -s Short answer: run diff with the -s switch.
Long answer: read on below. Here's an example. Why is there no output?!? The answer is: this is by design. There is no output on identical files. Community Bot 1 1 1 silver badge. For instance, with this command: radiff2 -x file1. My favourite ones using xxd hex-dumper from the vim package : 1 using vimdiff part of vim! Michal Ambroz Michal Ambroz 2 2 bronze badges. Not quite. Only the possibility is high. What is the probability of failing?
Slim, but worse than using some variant of diff , over which there is no reason to prefer it. Anyone's laptop can these days generate collision in MD5 and based on this single collision prefix 2 files of the same size, same prefix and same MD5 to generate infinite number of colliding files having same prefix, different colliding block, same suffix — Michal Ambroz.
But with details if you're interested in those. Which is helpful for doing reverse Engineering. Optionally list and search all diff. So it used a very small amount of storage space. Francewhoa Francewhoa 11 3 3 bronze badges. There is a relatively simple way to check if two binary files are the same. At this point the check is as simple as : if file1! Ahab Devoid Ahab Devoid 1 3 3 bronze badges. This solution isn't complete. Also, the pseudo code is not a true implementation of the description given in words.
Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook. Sign up using Email and Password. Post as a guest Name. Email Required, but never shown. The Overflow Blog. Podcast Making Agile work for data science. Stack Gives Back Featured on Meta. New post summary designs on greatest hits now, everywhere else eventually. Motkuri 13 Jul binary files are files which stores data in binary format. Read More. A text file stores data in the form of alphabets, digits and other special symbols by storing their ASCII values and are in a human-readable format.
Binary files are chock full of bytes that have values ranging from Amol 11 Jul All files can be categorized into one of two file formats — binary or text. The two file types may look the same on the surface, but they encode data differently.
While both binary and text files contain data stored as a series of bits binary values of 1s and 0s , the bits in text files represent characters, while the bits in binary files represent custom data. Binary Files Binary files typically contain a sequence of bytes, or ordered groupings of eight bits. When creating a custom file format for a program, a developer arranges these bytes into a format that stores the necessary information for the application. Binary file formats may include multiple types of data in the same file, such as image, video, and audio data.
This data can be interpreted by supporting programs, but will show up as garbled text in a text editor.
Below is an example of a. PNG image file opened in an image viewer and a text editor. As you can see, the image viewer recognizes the binary data and displays the picture. When the image is opened in a text editor, the binary data is converted to unrecognizable text. However, you may notice that some of the text is readable. This is because the PNG format includes small sections for storing textual data.
The text editor, while not designed to read this file format, still displays this text when the file is opened. Many other binary file types include sections of readable text as well. Therefore, it may be possible to find out some information about an unknown binary file type by opening it in a text editor. Binary files often contain headers, which are bytes of data at the beginning of a file that identifies the file's contents.
Headers often include the file type and other descriptive information. If a file has invalid header information, software programs may not open the file or they may report that the file is corrupted. Text Files Text files are more restrictive than binary files since they can only contain textual data. However, unlike binary files, they are less likely to become corrupted.
While a small error in a binary file may make it unreadable, a small error in a text file may simply show up once the file has been opened. This is one of reasons Microsoft switched to a compressed text-based XML format for the Office file types.
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